May 27, 2003
Odious Debts Online has compiled the best estimates to date but, be warned. Experts agree that there is likely a wide range of error in these estimates because of the absence of
reliable records.
How much did Saddam Hussein borrow and from whom?
Iraqi debt by size of claim
in US $ billion
(bold states are Paris Club members,
italic states are
Gulf States)
|
Source
|
CSIS (Center for |
Exotix
|
Paris
|
Jubilee
|
||||
|
|
Compensation
|
Debt
|
Contracts
|
Total
|
Debt
|
Debt**
|
Debt
|
Sources
|
|
Kuwait
|
68.800
|
17.000
|
|
85.800
|
12.500
|
|
27.000
|
(MEES)
|
|
Russia
|
|
12.000
|
52.000
|
64.000
|
8.000
|
3.450***
|
16.000
|
(Channel News Asia)
|
|
Saudi-Arabia
|
12.040
|
|
|
12.040
|
25.000
|
|
|
|
|
Jordan
|
13.760
|
0.295
|
|
14.055
|
|
|
|
|
|
India
|
6.880
|
|
6.880
|
|
|
|
1.000
|
(The Hindu, 04/14/03)
|
|
UK
|
6.880
|
|
|
6.880
|
|
0.9308
|
1.600
|
(Daily Telegraph,
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.1086
|
5.580
|
(Asahi.com)
|
|
Netherlands
|
1.720
|
|
3.600
|
5.320
|
|
0.0967
|
|
|
|
Germany
|
5.160
|
|
|
5.160
|
|
2.4039
|
|
|
|
Egypt
|
3.440
|
|
0.740
|
4.180
|
|
|
|
|
|
Turkey
|
3.440
|
0.800
|
|
4.240
|
|
|
|
|
|
Italy
|
3.440
|
|
|
3.440
|
|
1.726
|
|
|
|
US
|
3.440
|
|
|
3.440
|
|
2.192
|
5.000 4.000 (incl. interest) |
(Dow Jones, 03/29/03)
|
|
France
|
1.720
|
|
0.073
|
1.793
|
8.000
|
2.9937
|
4.000
|
(Review of Int. Social Questions,
|
|
Serbia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.8 to
|
(Web site of Serbian
|
|
Canada
|
1.720
|
|
|
1.720
|
|
0.5642
|
|
|
|
Syria
|
1.720
|
|
|
1.720
|
|
|
|
|
|
Israel
|
1.720
|
|
|
1.720
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bulgaria
|
|
1.000
|
|
1.000
|
1.700
|
|
1.512
|
(22nd Bulgarian-Iraq Committee on
|
|
Austria
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.8131
|
|
|
|
China
|
|
|
0.080
|
0.080
|
|
|
>
|
(ABC)
|
|
U.A.E.
|
|
|
0.703
|
0.703
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yugoslavia
|
|
|
|
|
0.700
|
|
|
|
|
Romania
|
|
|
|
|
0.530*
|
|
1.700
|
(Bucharest Business Week,
|
|
Australia
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.4993
|
|
|
|
Poland
|
|
0.500
|
|
0.500
|
0.530*
|
|
0.700
|
(Boston Globe,
|
|
Spain
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.3212
|
|
|
|
Brazil
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1929
|
|
|
|
Sweden
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1858
|
|
|
|
Belgium
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1845
|
|
|
|
Finland
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1522
|
|
|
|
Switzerland
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1175
|
|
|
|
CzechRepublic
|
|
|
|
|
0.530*
|
|
0.06 to
|
(Boston Globe,
|
|
Korea
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.0547
|
1.100
|
(Dow Jones, 03/29/03)
|
|
Denmark
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.0308
|
1.100
|
(Dow Jones, 03/29/03)
|
|
Morocco
|
|
0.032
|
|
0.032
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hungary
|
|
0.017
|
|
0.017
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gulf States
|
|
30.000
|
|
30.000
|
17.500
|
|
|
|
|
London Club
|
|
|
|
|
2.600
|
|
11.000
|
(Herald Tribune,
|
|
Paris Club (without France
|
|
|
|
|
9.500
|
|
|
|
|
Multilateral
|
|
|
|
|
1.100
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
36.120
|
18.357
|
|
54.477
|
26.100
|
|
|
|
|
Other Trade Claims
|
|
|
|
|
2.200
|
|
|
|
|
Remaining obligations
|
27.000
|
|
|
27.000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
47.000
|
|
47.000
|
|
21.000
|
|
|
|
|
199.000
|
127.000
|
57.196
|
383.196
|
116.490
|
42.0179
|
|
|
* Exotix: Poland, Czech
Republic, Romania: US$ 1.6 billion
** Definition
of debt concerned: the figures cover, from the debtor side, the amounts
due by the public sector. From the creditors point of view, the figures
include credits and loans granted, or guaranteed by, the Governments or
their appropriate institutions. Basically, private claims (debt owed to
private creditors) as well as private debt (owed by private Iraqi
institutions without public guarantee) are excluded from this
recollection.
*** Russian
claims: this figure represents the amounts due to Russia after a
simulation of the adjustment on Soviet era claims consistent with Paris
Club methodology.
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May 27, 2003
Odious Debts Online has compiled the best estimates to date but, be warned. Experts agree that there is likely a wide range of error in these estimates because of the absence of
reliable records.
How much did Saddam Hussein borrow and from whom?
Iraqi debt by size of claim
in US $ billion
(bold states are Paris Club members,
italic states are
Gulf States)
|
Source |
CSIS (Center for |
Exotix |
Paris |
Jubilee |
||||
|
|
Compensation |
Debt |
Contracts |
Total |
Debt |
Debt** |
Debt |
Sources |
|
Kuwait |
68.800 |
17.000 |
|
85.800 |
12.500 |
|
27.000 |
(MEES) |
|
Russia |
|
12.000 |
52.000 |
64.000 |
8.000 |
3.450*** |
16.000 |
(Channel News Asia) |
|
Saudi-Arabia |
12.040 |
|
|
12.040 |
25.000 |
|
|
|
|
Jordan |
13.760 |
0.295 |
|
14.055 |
|
|
|
|
|
India |
6.880 |
|
6.880 |
|
|
|
1.000 |
(The Hindu, 04/14/03) |
|
UK |
6.880 |
|
|
6.880 |
|
0.9308 |
1.600 |
(Daily Telegraph, |
|
Japan |
|
|
|
|
|
4.1086 |
5.580 |
(Asahi.com) |
|
Netherlands |
1.720 |
|
3.600 |
5.320 |
|
0.0967 |
|
|
|
Germany |
5.160 |
|
|
5.160 |
|
2.4039 |
|
|
|
Egypt |
3.440 |
|
0.740 |
4.180 |
|
|
|
|
|
Turkey |
3.440 |
0.800 |
|
4.240 |
|
|
|
|
|
Italy |
3.440 |
|
|
3.440 |
|
1.726 |
|
|
|
US |
3.440 |
|
|
3.440 |
|
2.192 |
5.000 4.000 (incl. interest) |
(Dow Jones, 03/29/03) |
|
France |
1.720 |
|
0.073 |
1.793 |
8.000 |
2.9937 |
4.000 |
(Review of Int. Social Questions, |
|
Serbia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.8 to |
(Web site of Serbian |
|
Canada |
1.720 |
|
|
1.720 |
|
0.5642 |
|
|
|
Syria |
1.720 |
|
|
1.720 |
|
|
|
|
|
Israel |
1.720 |
|
|
1.720 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bulgaria |
|
1.000 |
|
1.000 |
1.700 |
|
1.512 |
(22nd Bulgarian-Iraq Committee on |
|
Austria |
|
|
|
|
|
0.8131 |
|
|
|
China |
|
|
0.080 |
0.080 |
|
|
> |
(ABC) |
|
U.A.E. |
|
|
0.703 |
0.703 |
|
|
|
|
|
Yugoslavia |
|
|
|
|
0.700 |
|
|
|
|
Romania |
|
|
|
|
0.530* |
|
1.700 |
(Bucharest Business Week, |
|
Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
0.4993 |
|
|
|
Poland |
|
0.500 |
|
0.500 |
0.530* |
|
0.700 |
(Boston Globe, |
|
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
0.3212 |
|
|
|
Brazil |
|
|
|
|
|
0.1929 |
|
|
|
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
0.1858 |
|
|
|
Belgium |
|
|
|
|
|
0.1845 |
|
|
|
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
0.1522 |
|
|
|
Switzerland |
|
|
|
|
|
0.1175 |
|
|
|
CzechRepublic |
|
|
|
|
0.530* |
|
0.06 to |
(Boston Globe, |
|
Korea |
|
|
|
|
|
0.0547 |
1.100 |
(Dow Jones, 03/29/03) |
|
Denmark |
|
|
|
|
|
0.0308 |
1.100 |
(Dow Jones, 03/29/03) |
|
Morocco |
|
0.032 |
|
0.032 |
|
|
|
|
|
Hungary |
|
0.017 |
|
0.017 |
|
|
|
|
|
Gulf States |
|
30.000 |
|
30.000 |
17.500 |
|
|
|
|
London Club |
|
|
|
|
2.600 |
|
11.000 |
(Herald Tribune, |
|
Paris Club (without France |
|
|
|
|
9.500 |
|
|
|
|
Multilateral |
|
|
|
|
1.100 |
|
|
|
|
Others |
36.120 |
18.357 |
|
54.477 |
26.100 |
|
|
|
|
Other Trade Claims |
|
|
|
|
2.200 |
|
|
|
|
Remaining obligations |
27.000 |
|
|
27.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Interest |
|
47.000 |
|
47.000 |
|
21.000 |
|
|
|
|
199.000 |
127.000 |
57.196 |
383.196 |
116.490 |
42.0179 |
|
|
* Exotix: Poland, Czech
Republic, Romania: US$ 1.6 billion
** Definition
of debt concerned: the figures cover, from the debtor side, the amounts
due by the public sector. From the creditors point of view, the figures
include credits and loans granted, or guaranteed by, the Governments or
their appropriate institutions. Basically, private claims (debt owed to
private creditors) as well as private debt (owed by private Iraqi
institutions without public guarantee) are excluded from this
recollection.
*** Russian
claims: this figure represents the amounts due to Russia after a
simulation of the adjustment on Soviet era claims consistent with Paris
Club methodology.
Categories: Essays and Reports, Multilateral Development Banks, Odious Debts
Patricia Adams
Dai Qing
Fan Xiao
Lawrence Solomon
Mu Lan
Probe International
Lisa Peryman
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